Sex and sexuality are often used interchangeably, yet they represent distinct concepts, with sexuality encompassing a broader range of identities, behaviours, and social meanings. Sexuality is not a fixed biological reality but a construct shaped by historical developments, cultural norms, and power structures. The shift from the one-sex to the two-sex model reinforced binary distinctions and heteronormative ideologies, privileging reproductive heterosexuality while marginalising other expressions. In many societies, particularly in India, non-reproductive sexual practices are stigmatised and silenced. The construction of sexuality is deeply linked with colonial domination, capitalist discipline, and moral regulation, where institutions such as family, law, and religion control bodies and maintain social hierarchies, including caste and patriarchy. Economic systems further regulate sexuality to sustain labour and production. From a post-structuralist perspective, sexuality is fluid and subject to change. Recognising sexuality as socially constructed opens possibilities for challenging dominant norms and asserting it as an essential dimension of human rights and individual agency.