Women’s Social Evolution in Early Medieval Northern India-A Historical Study
Rashid Manzoor Bhat
Research Scholar, Department of History, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
The study attempts to explore the status of women in early medieval northern India, examining various aspects of their lives, including marriage, education, widowhood, and social roles. It begins by contextualising Indian historical writings, which were initially influenced by colonial perspectives and later challenged by Indian historians, particularly regarding women’s status in ancient texts. The study examines the evolving attitudes towards women, reflecting both idealised portrayals and historical complexities. Examining the institution of marriage, the study discusses social norms and women’s agency in selecting spouses, drawing from ancient texts and inscriptions. It explores the educational opportunities available to women in early medieval India, noting a decline during the Mahājanapada era but stressing instances of educated women excelling in various fields. The study also addresses the challenges faced by widows, particularly regarding remarriage and social expectations of asceticism. It examines the practice of Sati, providing historical accounts and literary references to illustrate its prevalence and cultural significance during the period. The study also discusses the roles of temple dancers, courtesans, and concubines in early medieval society.
Keywords: Women, early medieval, northern India, status, marriage, education, social roles.
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